How Tae Kwon Do Incorporates Concepts from Eastern Philosophy
Tae Kwon Do is not just a form of martial art but a way of life deeply rooted in Eastern philosophy. This article explores how the fundamental principles of Tae Kwon Do are influenced by various Eastern philosophies, focusing on the concepts of harmony, duality, and self-cultivation.
Harmony and Oneness with the Universe
One of the core philosophical goals of Tae Kwon Do is to bring its practitioners into harmony with the universe. Rooted in Buddhist teachings, this martial art views the universe as a dynamic environment in perpetual change. Opposing forces constantly adjust themselves to maintain the harmonious balance of the cosmos. This idea is vividly represented in the concept of 'universe-human oneness' where the universe and human beings were originally one and the same. The ultimate aim is for practitioners to consciously reach a state where there is no difference between the self and the universe, and no separation between the inside and outside self.
The Concept of Duality
At the core of Tae Kwon Do philosophy is the concept of duality, derived from Taoist principles. Duality refers to the interaction of opposing forces. Harmony is achieved when opposite forces are distributed equally, resulting in balance. For example, when an adversary uses positive (aggressive) energy, the defender should use negative (yielding) energy to respond. This allows the energy of the attack to flow past harmlessly, turning what was once hard (the assailant's attack) into something soft (non-injurious) and vice versa.
The Importance of Self-Cultivation
Tae Kwon Do is deeply influenced by Confucian educational paradigms of self-cultivation. The ultimate aim is to improve the character of its practitioners. This martial art encourages individuals to build an indomitable spirit, fight for justice, and contribute to world peace. The Five Tenets of Tae Kwon Do—courtesy, integrity, perseverance, self-control, and indomitable spirit—emphasize the importance of being a good person and doing good deeds.
Training the Mind and Spirit
In Eastern martial arts, it is not enough to master physical techniques; one must also train the mind or spirit by cultivating Qi (air and energy). This holistic approach ensures that martial artists develop virtues such as respect, self-control, and self-discipline. Good morals stabilize one's emotions, greatly benefiting physical abilities and enhancing overall martial arts learning. This integration of physical strength, Qi, mind, and spirit is unique among physical activities and sports.
The Role of Taoist Cosmology
Tae Kwon Do's forms (pumsae) are aligned with the eight principles of harmony derived from Taoist cosmology found in the I-Ching. These principles, if realized and internalized, lead to enlightenment. This alignment shows how Tae Kwon Do incorporates ancient philosophical concepts into its training, emphasizing the importance of harmony and balance.
The Influence of Buddhist Principles
In addition to Confucianism and Taoism, Buddhist principles also have a considerable impact on Tae Kwon Do. Respecting the liberty of all living things and having a merciful and benevolent spirit are crucial. These principles align with the teachings of Sun Zi, who advised that the highest level of combat is attained by overpowering opponents without fighting.
Conclusion
Tae Kwon Do is much more than a martial art; it is a philosophy rooted in Eastern traditions that emphasize harmony, duality, and self-cultivation. By incorporating principles from Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, Tae Kwon Do offers a path for individuals to achieve not only physical prowess but also mental and spiritual enlightenment.