The Historical Background of Taekkyon

Taekkyon, an ancient Korean martial art, boasts a rich and complex history that intertwines with the cultural and historical developments of Korea itself. Characterized by its distinct use of foot techniques, dancelike footwork, and evasion strategies, Taekkyon stands as a symbol of Korean heritage and resilience. This blog delves into the historical journey of Taekkyon from its mysterious origins, through periods of decline and resurgence, to its recognition and preservation in modern times.

Origins and Early History

The precise origins of Taekkyon are shrouded in mystery, with speculations pointing to its roots in ancient Chinese martial practices that were imported to Korea. Despite these potential Chinese influences, Taekkyon has evolved to become distinctly Korean, bearing little resemblance to any identifiably Chinese martial arts. The earliest known reference to Taekkyon, or "tak'kyon," appears in the Chaemulbo (Book of Treasures) by Yi Song-ji, around 1790. This text indicates that subakhi, a hand-striking martial art, had transformed into what we recognize as Taekkyon by that time .

Taekkyon in the Joseon Dynasty

During the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910), Taekkyon was primarily an activity of the common people, often practiced as a game or sport, though it retained combat applications. It was especially popular in Seoul and frequently performed during large social gatherings and seasonal festivals alongside ssireum (Korean wrestling). Notable for its evasive footwork and fluid movements, Taekkyon developed a reputation for its effectiveness in unarmed combat among the general populace, including shopkeepers, farmers, and gangsters .

The Decline of Taekkyon

The decline of Taekkyon began in the late Joseon period as political instability and a shift towards scholarly pursuits reduced the emphasis on martial arts. This decline was exacerbated by the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910, during which the practice of traditional Korean martial arts was discouraged. Despite the prohibition, Taekkyon persisted in secrecy, maintained by dedicated practitioners like Song Tok-ki, who learned the art in his youth and continued to practice it discreetly throughout the Japanese occupation .

Resurgence Post-Liberation

Following Korea's liberation from Japanese rule in 1945, there was a renewed interest in preserving traditional Korean martial arts. Taekkyon gained attention again in 1958 when Song Tok-ki demonstrated the art at an event celebrating President Syngman Rhee's birthday. This demonstration brought Taekkyon back into the public eye and marked the beginning of its modern revival. In 1964, Sin Han-sung, inspired by a newspaper article about Song, sought to learn and systematize Taekkyon, opening his own school and working towards its official recognition as a cultural heritage .

Modern Preservation and Recognition

The efforts to preserve Taekkyon culminated in its designation as an Intangible Cultural Asset by the Korean government in 1983. This recognition was followed by its inclusion in UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2011. These accolades highlight Taekkyon's significance not only as a martial art but also as a vital part of Korea's cultural identity. Today, Taekkyon is practiced in various schools across Korea, with efforts to promote and transmit the art continuing through public performances, training courses, and cultural events .

Conclusion

The journey of Taekkyon from a traditional martial art practiced by common folk to an internationally recognized cultural heritage is a testament to the resilience and enduring appeal of Korean culture. As Taekkyon continues to thrive, it serves as a living link to Korea’s rich historical past and a source of national pride.