The Historical Background of Kenpo

Kenpo, often spelled "Kempo," is a martial art with a rich and diverse history that spans centuries and multiple cultures. Its development is marked by influences from Chinese, Japanese, and Hawaiian martial arts, among others. This comprehensive overview delves into the origins, evolution, and modern adaptations of Kenpo, providing readers with a detailed understanding of this unique martial art.

Origins of Kenpo

The roots of Kenpo can be traced back to ancient China, specifically to the teachings of Bodhidharma, a Buddhist monk from southern India who traveled to the Shaolin temple in China. According to records, Bodhidharma noticed that the monks at Shaolin were physically weak and unable to endure the rigorous demands of meditation. To help them, he introduced the art of Shih Pa Lo Han Sho, or the "18 Hands of Lo Han," which is considered the foundation for many martial arts today. These techniques were initially designed to improve the monks' physical health and aid in their pursuit of enlightenment .

Kenpo in Okinawa and Japan

In the 17th century, Kenpo was introduced to Japan from China. Two families, the Kumamoto and Nagasaki, brought the art to Kyushu, where it was further developed and modified into what became known as Kosho-Ryu Kenpo, or the "Old Pine Tree School." This form of Kenpo included a blend of Chinese martial arts and traditional Japanese jujitsu techniques .

Okinawa, an island situated between China and Japan, played a significant role in the development of Kenpo. The Okinawan martial arts of Te ("Hand") and Tode ("Closed Fist") were influenced by Chinese Ch'uan Fa and evolved into styles such as Shuri-te, which later became modern Karate. These arts were developed secretly during periods of foreign occupation, particularly under Japanese rule, when weapons were banned .

Introduction of Kenpo to the United States

Kenpo was formally introduced to the United States during World War II by James Masayoshi Mitose, who was born in Hawaii and had studied Kenpo in Japan. Mitose opened the Official Self-Defense Club in Honolulu in 1942, where he taught Kosho-Ryu Kenpo. One of his most notable students was William Kwai Sun Chow, who further developed and adapted the art by incorporating techniques from his family's Kung Fu style. Chow's modifications led to the creation of Kara-Ho Kenpo, which blended circular movements with the linear techniques taught by Mitose .

The Influence of Ed Parker

One of William Chow's most famous students was Edmund Kealoha Parker, known as Ed Parker. Parker moved from Hawaii to Southern California in the 1950s and began teaching Kenpo there. He is credited with developing American Kenpo, a system that emphasized practical self-defense techniques suitable for modern American society. Parker's innovations included creating an English-language lexicon of martial arts terminology and adapting the curriculum to include a combination of circular and linear movements. His influence spread widely, with many celebrities and martial artists acknowledging his impact on their training .

Modern Kenpo Systems

Today, there are several different systems and variations of Kenpo, each with its unique characteristics. Some of the most notable systems include:

• Kara-Ho Kenpo: Developed by William Kwai Sun Chow, this system blends linear and circular techniques and emphasizes practical self-defense.
• American Kenpo: Created by Ed Parker, this system is known for its comprehensive and organized curriculum that includes a wide range of strikes, kicks, and grappling techniques.
• Shaolin Kenpo: Founded by Fred Villari, this system incorporates techniques from various martial arts, including the Five Animals of Shaolin Kung Fu and Chin Na (Chinese grappling).

Other systems such as Nippon Kempo, Okinawa Kenpo, and White Tiger Kenpo also contribute to the rich tapestry of Kenpo martial arts practiced around the world today .

Conclusion

Kenpo's rich history reflects its evolution through various cultures and influences, from its ancient origins in China to its modern adaptations in the United States. Its enduring appeal lies in its practicality, adaptability, and comprehensive approach to martial arts, making it a valuable practice for self-defense, physical fitness, and personal development.