Hwa Rang Do and Eastern Philosophy
Hwa Rang Do, also known as "the way of the flowering manhood," is a traditional Korean martial art that incorporates a diverse range of concepts and techniques. Founded in 1960 by Dr. Joo Bang Lee, the modern incarnation of Hwa Rang Do is deeply influenced by Eastern philosophical traditions. These influences provide a comprehensive ethical, spiritual, and practical framework for practitioners, integrating Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism into its core principles. This blog post aims to explore how Hwa Rang Do embodies these Eastern philosophical tenets.
The Five Codes of Human Conduct
The Hwa Rang Do martial art is governed by the Five Codes of Human Conduct, initially formulated by the Buddhist monk Wonkwang Popsa for the Hwarang warriors. These codes emphasize loyalty to one's country, respect for one's parents, faithfulness in friendship, the avoidance of retreat in battle, and judicious killing. This code is a blend of ethical standards that draw heavily from Confucianism, emphasizing devotion to state and family, from Buddhism, emphasizing a commitment to the common good, and from Taoism, focusing on the harmonious balance of nature.
Confucianism in Hwa Rang Do
Confucianism, with its focus on ethical behavior and social harmony, plays a crucial role in the moral framework of Hwa Rang Do. The principle of 'Ren,' often translated as benevolence or humanity, is central to the martial virtues in Eastern martial arts. Practitioners are encouraged to approach all human relationships with honesty, tolerance, respect, friendliness, sincerity, and love. This Confucian ideal is reflected in the ethical guidelines that govern the practice of Hwa Rang Do, aiming to create morally upright and socially responsible individuals.
Buddhist Influences
Buddhism contributes to Hwa Rang Do through its principles of non-violence, mindfulness, and the pursuit of enlightenment. The martial art emphasizes the importance of spiritual development and the mastery of the self, aligning with Buddhist teachings that aim to rid individuals of their ego to achieve harmony with the universe. The integration of meditation, breathing exercises, and the development of 'Qi' or life energy are direct contributions from Buddhist practices. These elements are not only vital for physical techniques but also for mental and spiritual growth.
Taoist Philosophy
Taoism, with its focus on natural harmony and balance, is another cornerstone of Hwa Rang Do. The concept of Yin and Yang, representing opposing yet complementary forces, is deeply embedded in the practice. This duality is reflected in the martial art's techniques, which include both hard and soft styles. Taoist principles guide practitioners towards achieving a balanced state of mind and body, fostering a holistic approach to martial arts training. The goal is to attain a state of 'Dao,' or the way, which signifies a path to truth and enlightenment.
Training and Practice
Hwa Rang Do training encompasses a wide range of physical and mental disciplines. It includes over 4,000 offensive and defensive techniques, training in 108 weapons, and the practice of traditional Korean medicine techniques such as acupuncture and herbal medicine. Mental training involves meditation and breathing exercises to develop internal energy. The comprehensive training aims to cultivate both the mind and the body, emphasizing that true mastery involves the integration of physical skills with spiritual and ethical development.
Martial Virtue and Ethics
In Eastern martial arts, the concept of martial virtue, or 'Wu De,' is paramount. It involves cultivating morals, mind, or spirit ('inside') alongside physical strength or skills ('outside'). This holistic approach ensures that practitioners are not only skilled fighters but also individuals of strong character and moral integrity. Hwa Rang Do embodies this philosophy by integrating rigorous physical training with ethical teachings. Practitioners are encouraged to demonstrate respect, self-control, and self-discipline, embodying the highest standards of martial virtue.
Conclusion
Hwa Rang Do is a martial art that seamlessly integrates the ethical, spiritual, and practical teachings of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. By adhering to the Five Codes of Human Conduct and incorporating extensive physical and mental training, it aims to develop well-rounded individuals who excel not only in martial skills but also in moral and ethical conduct. The influence of Eastern philosophy in Hwa Rang Do provides a rich, holistic framework that enhances the practice and lives of its practitioners.